Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in the reversion process of desertification in arid areas

Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological systems in arid areas.The spatial heterogeneity of soil water content is a major soil property,and a focus of soil science and hydrology.On the southern edge of the Tengger Desert,sample plots were selected from mobile sand dunes in desertified lands that had been enclosed for 5,15 and 25 years,respectively.This study explored the dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in these different layers of soil that were also in the reversion process of desertification.The results showed that the soil water content of the mobile sand dunes was highest when in the initial stages of the reversion process of desertification,while the soil water content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers of soil was 1.769%,3.011%,and 2.967% respectively,presenting a restoring tendency after 25 years of enclosure.There were significant differences,as a whole,in the soil water content among different restoration stages and different soil layers,respectively.Changes in soil water content,in different soil layers,at different restoration stages,exhibited exponential or spherical patterns.The spatial distribution of soil water content exhibited a mosaic patch pattern with obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ratio of the heterogeneity of spatial autocorrelation to gross spatial heterogeneity was greater than 50%.The gross spatial heterogeneity of the 0-20 cm layer of soil improved gradually,while those of the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers improved initially,then weakened in the reversion process of desertification.This study revealed that restoration with sand-binding vegetation reduced soil water content,and increased its spatial heterogeneity in arid areas.However,after 25 years of vegetation-soil system restoration,the soil water content started to increase and its spatial heterogeneity started to weaken.These results will further benefit the understanding of the ecological mechanism between soil water and sand-binding vegetation.     

精口恶唑禾草灵抗性及敏感菵草种群萌发条件的比较

为了比较对精口恶唑禾草灵抗性及敏感菵草种群在萌发特性上的差异,采用培养皿法研究了温度、光照、pH值、水势、盐胁迫对其萌发的影响。结果表明,pH值为4-10条件下,2个种群的萌发率无显著性差异;全光照条件下,抗性菵草的萌发率显著低于敏感菵草;10℃条件下,抗性菵草的萌发率显著低于敏感菵草;水势胁迫和盐分胁迫对抗性菵草萌发的影响大于敏感菵草,当水势为-0.5 MPa时,抗性菵草无萌发,敏感菵草萌发率为41.9%;当NaC l溶液浓度为160 mmol/L时,抗性菵草无萌发,敏感菵草的萌发率为51.7%。     

热水处理对扶桑棉粉蚧的致死作用

本文研究了热水处理对扶桑绵粉蚧的杀灭作用,结果表明,在49℃、50℃、51℃、52℃和53℃时扶桑绵粉蚧1龄若虫死亡率达到100%的处理时间分别为240min、150min、60min、40min和6min。分析显示,热水温度和处理时间长度的复合作用导致了扶桑绵粉蚧的死亡。建立了热水温度(X1)、处理时间(X2)和扶桑棉粉蚧死亡率(Y)之间的模型方程为Y=-9.466+0.192X1-0.0000240X22+0.000218X1X2。给出了不同温度热水处理时扶桑绵粉蚧100%死亡的时间长度。     

乌鲁木齐大气降水稳定同位素与水汽来源关系研究

利用GNIP（Global of Isotope in Precipitation）乌鲁木齐站点1986-2003年大气降水稳定同位素资料和美国国家环境保护委员会/国家大气研究中心（NCEP/NCAR）再分析资料,通过研究乌鲁木齐地区17年（1986-2003）大气降水的氢、氧稳定同位素组成,提出了局地大气降水线方程为...     

痕量灌溉在温室大桃上的应用

试验以日光温室大桃为供试作物,以常规畦灌和滴灌为对照,研究第一代痕量灌溉系统在地膜覆盖和地表裸露两种条件下对生长、产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明：痕量灌溉管路埋深50cm且地膜覆盖处理,痕量灌溉比畦灌和滴灌分别节约灌水80．1m^3／667m^2和40．0m^3／667m^2,水分利用效率比畦灌和滴灌分别增加16．1kg／m^3和10．6kg／m^3,经济产量无显著差异;痕量灌溉管埋深5cm、地表裸露条件下,痕量灌溉此畦灌和滴灌分别节约灌水88．9m^3／667m^2和39．8m^3／667m^2,经济产量比畦灌和滴灌分别减少11．5％和25．3％。痕量灌溉在果树上应用时,宜地膜覆盖并埋深30cm。     

不同基质含水量对秋播花椰菜工厂化育苗质量的影响

运用南京蔬菜工厂化育苗中心先进的仪器设备,经精心设计后开展试验研究,旨在探索出不同基质含水量与秋播花椰菜工厂化育苗质量间的关系。将秋季花椰菜育苗划分为播种发茅期、子叶期、1叶1心期、2～5叶期、4～5叶期5个生长阶段,在各阶段均设定4个不同的基质水分处理值进行观测比较分析。试验结果表明：秋季花椰菜育苗5个生长阶段的最佳基质含水量依次为基质最大持水量的85％、65％、65％、75％和75％;另可提供秋播花椰菜优质种苗相应标准参考值为：苗龄4～5叶,株高7．47cm,茎粗3．64mm,最大节间距o．78cm,最大叶形指数1．44。     

施磷量对旱地小麦氮磷钾和干物质积累及产量的影响

针对目前农业生产中存在的施肥增产效应下降问题,研究了磷肥用量对冬小麦养分、氮磷钾和干物质积累及产量的影响,以期为高产高效施肥提供依据.在黄土高原旱地进行田间试验,设不施磷,施磷P2O5 50kg/hm2(不足)、P2O5 100 kg/hm2(适量)和P2O5 150 kg/hm2(高量)4个水平,在不同生长期采样测定...     

沙漠水渠人工固沙区沙篙和沙拐枣灌丛的土壤水分特征对比

在古尔班通古特沙漠引水渠沿线建植5a的人工固沙区内,选择自然生长的沙蒿和沙拐枣灌丛,依据冠幅大小设置5个水平距离梯度和4个土层深度梯度.对比研究了二者的土壤水分特征.结果表明,随土层深度的增加,两种灌丛土壤含水量均呈增加趋.,中下部2层(20～40 cm和40～60 cm)土壤含水量显著(P<0.05)高于上部2层(0...     

不同灌溉方式对渭北果园土壤水分及水分利用的影响

为了筛选适合渭北黄土高原苹果园的节水灌溉方式,以陕富6号苹果为试材,研究了不同灌溉方式下0～1 m土壤含水率的动态变化规律、土壤储水量和水分利用效率.结果表明:(1)3～10月份,不同层次土壤含水率由高到低为:膜下滴灌＞膜下沟溉≈滴灌＞沟灌＞不灌溉,覆膜与不覆膜之间比较,膜下沟灌＞沟灌,膜下滴灌＞滴灌.(2)6月15日...     

秸秆覆盖对盐渍化土壤水盐动态的影响

研究了不同秸秆覆盖量下盐渍化土壤蒸发量、不同生育期各土层的含水率及含盐量的动态变化规律.结果表明:秸秆覆盖后,盐渍化土壤蒸发量比对照低,随着秸秆覆盖量的增加,蒸发量逐渐减少,当秸秆覆盖量为0.75 kg/m2(C2)时,日蒸发量减少幅度平缓,趋于稳定.与对照相比,秸秆覆盖量为1.05 kg/m2(C1),0.75 kg...